COVID-19, THE PANDEMIC DISEASE

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Source: unsplash @morningbrew

 An outbreak of the coronavirus (now called COVID-19) in China is causing global concern. And until now, world is still suffering because of COVID-19 pandemic. But, what’s COVID-19? COVID stands for Coronavirus Disease and 19 is for 2019, the year it was first identified. COVID-19 itself is a infectious disease caused by a new virus. That new virus is a virus belongs to the broad family of viruses known as coronaviruses  that cause respiratory infections. And COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). SARS-CoV-2 has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses. And These viruses were originally transmitted from animals to people.

The first known infections from the SARS-CoV-2  strain were discovered in Wuhan, China from patients with pneumonia of unknown cause in December 2019. Because many of the first individuals found to be infected by the virus were workers at the Huanan Seafood Market, it has been suggested that the strain might have originated from the market. As a result of its subsequent spread throughout China and the rest of the world, and WHO (World Health Organization) declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020.

The virus can spread from person to person, The virus is mainly spread during close contact with an infectious person and via respiratory droplets produced when people cough or sneeze within a range of about 2 meters (6.6 ft). Respiratory droplets may be produced during breathing but the virus is not considered airborne. People may also contract COVID-19 by touching contaminated surfaces or objects (like doorknobs or tables) and then touching their face or mouth.

It infects and damages lungs. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include muscle pain, diarrhea, loss of smell, and abdominal pain. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to pneumonia and multi-organ failure.

The people most at risk of getting the virus are: travelers who have recently been overseas and those people who have been in close contact with someone who has been diagnosed with COVID-19. People who are more at risk of serious illness if they get the virus are: people with compromised immune systems (eg. cancer), elderly people, people with chronic medical conditions and very young children and babies.

Recommended measures to prevent infection include frequent hand washing, social distancing (maintaining physical distance from others, especially from those with symptoms), covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or inner elbow, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. The use of masks is recommended by some national health authorities for those who suspect they have the virus, but not for the general public.

At this time, There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19, at least not yet. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments.

While the new coronavirus is more widespread than SARS in terms of case numbers, the mortality rate remains considerably lower than SARS. As of 28 March 2020, the overall rate of deaths per number of diagnosed cases is 4.6 percent; ranging from 0.2 percent to 15 percent according to age group and other health problems.  The incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections has declined significantly in areas that successfully implemented programs to screen the population for the virus, isolate any infected people, and trace and quarantine those who contacted them.


Source: from Wikipedia and some sites from the internet.



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